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INTRODUCTION:            Dimension India is the leader in providing clear and easy to understand zoning maps, or we can even create new ones for your personalized needs. We put forth our services as your partner online, offline and even offshore, we promise the provision of our full technical support and customized approach for your projects to be completed in time. To get unique solutions for your business enterprise get suggestions from our web shop. Our brilliant consultants are thoroughly trained to project 2D and 3D plans for mapping project application. They convert the digitized paper maps and satellite images correctly into vector formation for the sake of easy storage and analysis. The presentations have a definitely exclusive theme that may be: Symbolic representationPie-chart representationDotted representationVariant color representation All city global mapping : Produced under our supervision use the latest information which contains a detailed map background for refer

INTRODUCTION :                Similar to fiscal, social and economic impacts, development impacts on the environment vary significantly by project type, size, location, and the environmental conditions at the proposed site. As such, the first phase of environmental impact assessment involves becoming familiar with the characteristics of the proposed development. The better understanding one has about the project; the more accurate will be the assessment of environmental impacts. In designing the environmental impact assessment, it is important to consider the following unique characteristics of the proposed development site: The size and nature of the development : A small, low density residential subdivision, for example, may have a much different impact on the environment than would a large regional shopping mall. This refers to impacts during development/construction as well as impacts from the operation of the facility itself. The location of the proposed development : Is the s

INTRODUCTION :        Cartography is the science of map-making.  It comprises many problems and techniques, including: South America in selected projections at identical scale. Which projection is best? Which is right? The short answer is none, at least not all the time. Even if a single projection is used, just switching the aspect can also radically reshape the continents. Measuring Earth's shape and features are collecting and storing information about terrain, places and people adapting three-dimensional features to flat models (my main concern) devising and designing conventions for graphical representation of data printing and publishing information. The term map projection can be thought of literally as a projection. If we were to place a light bulb inside a translucent globe and project the image onto a wall - we'd have a map projection. However, instead of projecting a light, cartographers use mathematical formulas to create projections. Conformity - the shapes of pl

INTRODUCTION:         Life is literally dependent on our ability to match the supply and demand of water of appropriate quality to specific communities and users at specific times or rates. Our homes, factories, cities, farms, and recreation areas require water, and their success (i.e., sustainability) relies on the effective functioning of natural and human water delivery systems. Extensive time, money, and effort have been invested in learning more about the spatial and temporal patterns and characteristics of individual hydrologic processes so that we can anticipate, manage, and modify system behavior to sustain modern lifestyles and prevent shortages (droughts), surpluses (floods), and resource impairment (pollution). While concerns regarding such issues as population growth, point source pollution, soil degradation, food supply, and energy may have eased over the past years with many positive trends, fundamental problems still exist. Several other water-related issues, notably th

INTRODUCTION: ( vertical) between objects, measuring the direction of line between objects and the angles between lines. It has been the time-honored approach to mapping  features and boundaries, to calculating areas and subdividing areas and to drawing up cross-sections for land management, construction, and a host of other applications. It used to be that all maps were compiled using  land-surveying techniques, but for the past 50 years has been supplemented first by aerial photography and then by satellite remote sensing to increase the speed and cost-effectiveness with which maps and now digital coverage’s can be compiled. Nevertheless, land surveying remains the most accurate. Again the microchip, together with GPS and the ability to generate and measure the return signal from beams of infrared and laser light, land surveying has been revolutionized almost beyond recognition. The equipment has become considerably automated while software is used to carry out the calculations. Lan

INTRODUCTION:         The discussion about GIS thus far has focused on data and software. Bu GIS are more than just these two entities. Taking a holistic systems view, GIS should also encompass: hardware, data collection/updating processes, dissemination of the products (maps, graphics, tables, reports), and the people who work with GIS along with their organizational structures. GIS can be viewed narrowly as just a tool, but should be viewed more broadly as an approach or way of working. We have now covered sufficient aspects of GIS to have an informed consideration of some definitions. The trouble is, there is no one single accepted definition. Maguire (1991) quotes no less than 11 definitions from the literature. Perhaps the most often quoted definition is that?of Burroughs (1986a, p. 6): “… a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing,retrieving at will, transforming, and displaying data from the real world for a particular set of purposes.” While this definition captures much

INTRODUCTION :        In the beginning, of course, there were no GIS “experts” and nobody specifically set out to develop a new body of technology nor a new scientific discipline for that matter. It would be nice to point to a date, a place, an individual and say, “That’s where it all started, that’s the father of GIS.” But no. As Coppock and Rhind put it in their article on the History of GIS (1991), ”unhappily, we scarcely know.”  In the mid-1960s, there were professionals from a range of disciplines, not many and mostly in North America, who were excited by the prospect of handling spatial data digitally. There were three main focal points: the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the Canada Land Inventory, and the U.S. Census Bureau. In each of these organizations were small groups of pioneers who made important contributions toward laying   the foundations for today’s GIS industry.  The significance of the Harvard Graduate School of Design lies in it Laboratory for Computer Graphic

INTRODUCTION:              Cartography is the art and science of creating maps. It involves the gathering of geographical information, the storage, processing, and editing of this information, and the presentation of the data in map form. Cartography depends on sound geographical knowledge of the surface being mapped, as well as the many skills and tools instrumental to the mapping process. <script async src="// pagead2 .googlesyndication.com/ pagead /js/adsbygoogle.js "></script> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ google_ad_client: "ca-pub-9619673960206927", enable_page_level_ads: true }); </script> Early Cartography:  Cartography has been practiced since ancient times. For many centuries its highest application was the production of hand-drawn flat maps and charts assembled from information collected visually by explorers, and other individuals. As a result, they were not as accurate as modern maps, but are fascinat

INTRODUCTION:            This Masters in Geo information Technology & Cartography focuses on understanding and managing the locational data required to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) together with visualization and map production in a GIS environment. It is the only program in the UK to have a significant emphasis on cartography; and our focus on the underpinning geometrics aspects and cartographic output is unique among GIS programs. This program, if fully completed with the award of an MSc, is accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS).If you are seeking a career in geographic information management or cartography and have little or no academic background in this subject: or if you have a technical/practical background in the subject and are seeking an academic qualification; this program is designed for you.In addition to studying the main theoretical aspects of geographic information science and cartography, you will gain practical skills in

INTRODUCTION :                Coordinate systems enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration. A coordinate system is a reference system used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) locations, within a common geographic framework. Each coordinate system is defined by the following: Its measurement framework, which is either geographic (in which spherical coordinates are measured from the earth's center) or plan metric (in which the earth's coordinates are projected onto a two-dimensional planar surface) Units of measurement (typically feet or meters for projected coordinate systems or decimal degrees for latitude-longitude) The definition of the map projection for projected coordinate systems: “Other measurement system properties such as a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y-directions “ Sev

INTRODUCTION:               GIS Photogrammetry is the process of obtaining required and reliable measurements from the digital photographs. This incurs the utilization of all views of the photograph like horizontal, vertical and side views for processing and analysis. This is a technique of measuring 2D or 3D objects from photographs. These are also called photo-grimes as they are stored usually by digital or CCD cameras or radiation sensors such as scanners. The important thing to be noticed is that object is measured without even touching it; hence it is often misunderstood with remote sensing, which means aerial photography and satellite imaging. It includes the interpretation of image. Photogrammetry remote sensing truly replicates the imaging an object with measurements from some distance. Hence photogrammetry can be sub divided into two groups: One depends on lens- setting.Aerial photogrammetry Orthoimagery : Is a technique that combines the characteristics of aerial photog